Glycosylation of HxNx Avian Flu HA Protein
Glycosylation of HxNx Avian Flu HA Protein Recently, there is great concern regarding the repeated occurrence of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in domestic poultry and increasingly in humans worldwide. Specifically, the H5N1,H5N6, and H7N7 avian viruses have come into focus as having a high potential of becoming virulent in humans (Gao et al., 2019; Igarashi et al. 2019; Yang et al., 2009). Human cases of HPAIV have occurred frequently in China, Indonesia, and Vietnam over the last couple of decades but recently new cases have begun to appear worldwide (Gao et al., 2019). In April of 2021 a male in Colorado was reported to have contracted an H5 influenza strain, presumably H5N1 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2021d). Countries worldwide have culled countless flocks of affected poultry in an effort to stem the potential cross-over of the disease to humans and recently, record numbers of poultry are dying from avian flu (Polansek, 2022; Stanbrou